Analysis of metal concentration, performance and noise emissions of the CI engine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.nasij/4.2.6Keywords:
CI engine, Biodiesel, Diesel fuel, Diesel multi elements, Noise emission, Sound pressure, Engine performance, Global warming, Petroleum reserves, Oil reservesAbstract
Biodiesel is a substitute for diesel fuel and is highly required to control global warming and reduce dependence on limited petroleum reserves. Replacement of diesel fuel is unavoidable due to the depletion of oil reserves and environmental threats to existing life on the earth. This study used single-cylinder, four-stroke Compression Ignition (CI) engines for experimental work. An endurance test was conducted on the engine using diesel fuel (D100) and biodiesel blended fuel for 105 hours at 1300 rpm. During the endurance test, a multi-elemental of lubricant oil was conducted. It was found that the average wear concentration in lubricant oil was lower in biodiesel blended fuel than in diesel fuel. In this regard, elemental reduction was observed as AL (38.8%), Cr (67.7%), Fe (58.2%) and Mn (17.89%), respectively. Besides this, higher viscosity and density of lubricant oil were observed on B30 compared to D100. Furthermore, engine performance was determined and resulted from low brake thermal efficiency in diesel compared to biodiesel. The engine’s noise was also calculated during operating hours at various positions such as front, left and back. It was determined that it was reduced at the mentioned positions for B30 compared to D100.
References
Azad, A. K., Doppalapudi, A. T., Khan, M. M. K., Hassan, N. M. S., & Gudimetla, P. (2023). A landscape review on biodiesel combustion strategies to reduce emission. Energy Reports, 9, 4413-4436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.03.104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.03.104
Bhangwar, S., Liaquat, A. M., Luhar, M. R., Abbasi, A., Kumar, L., Rajput, U. A., & Mastoi, S. (2022a). Production of biodiesel and analysis of exhaust particulate emissions and metal concentration of lubricant oil of the compression ignition engine. Frontiers in Energy Research, 10, 1057611. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.1057611 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.1057611
Bhangwar, S., Ghoto, S. M., Abbasi, A., Abbasi, M. K., Rind, A. A., Luhur, M. R., ... & Mastoi, S. (2022b). Analysis of particulate matter emissions and compression ignition engine performance using biodiesel blended fuel. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 12(5), 9400-9403. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-6912 DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5204
Biswas, S., Sengupta, A., Kakati, D., & Banerjee, R. (2023a). The transition from conventional biodiesel combustion to RCCI with CNG/ethanol induction in CI engine: A comparative combustion analysis and relative effects on performance-emissions. International Journal of Engine Research, 24(6), 2505-2522. https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874221123615 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874221123615
Biswas, S., Sengupta, A., Kakati, D., Chakraborti, P., & Banerjee, R. (2023b). Parametric optimization of the CNG/ethanol-induced RCCI profiles in biodiesel combustion through a robust design space foray. Fuel, 332, 126203. https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874221123615 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.126203
Doppalapudi, A. T., Azad, A. K., & Khan, M. M. K. (2023). Advanced strategies to reduce harmful nitrogen-oxide emissions from biodiesel fuelled engine. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 174, 113123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.113123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.113123
Godiño, J. A. V., García, M. T., & Aguilar, F. J. J. E. (2022). Experimental investigation and modelling of biodiesel combustion in engines with late direct injection strategy. Energy Reports, 8, 7476-7487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.05.279 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.05.279
Gowrishankar, S., & Krishnasamy, A. (2023). CFD analysis of combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel under conventional and late-injection based premixed combustion conditions. Fuel, 351, 129021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.129021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.129021
Hossain, A. K., Sharma, V., Ahmad, G., & Awotwe, T. (2023). Energy outputs and emissions of biodiesels as a function of coolant temperature and composition. Renewable Energy, 215, 119008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.119008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.119008
Keshavarzi, M., Aghbashlo, M., Tabatabaei, M., Hajiahmad, A., Rastegari, H., & Mohammadi, P. (2022). Solketal production from glycerin as a gasoline fuel additive: Synthesis, physical and chemical properties, engine performance and emissions. Fuel and Combustion, 15(3), 50-72. https://doi.org/10.22034/JFNC.2023.367537.1335
Krishnan, M. G., Rajkumar, S., Thangaraja, J., & Devarajan, Y. (2023). Exploring the synergistic potential of higher alcohols and biodiesel in blended and dual fuel combustion modes in diesel engines: A comprehensive review. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 35, 101180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2023.101180 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2023.101180
Lim, X. Y., Yek, P. N. Y., Liew, R. K., Chiong, M. C., Mahari, W. A. W., Peng, W., ... & Lam, S. S. (2022). Engineered biochar produced through microwave pyrolysis as a fuel additive in biodiesel combustion. Fuel, 312, 122839. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28247980 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122839
Madihi, R., Pourfallah, M., Gholinia, M., Armin, M., & Ghadi, A. Z. (2022). Thermofluids analysis of combustion, emissions, and energy in a biodiesel (C11H22O2)/natural gas heavy-duty engine with RCCI mode (Part II: Fuel injection time/Fuel injection rate). International Journal of Thermofluids, 16, 100200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2022.100200 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2022.100200
Memon, T. A. (2022). Assessment of Rice Residues as Potential Energy Source in Pakistan. Sukkur IBA Journal of Emerging Technologies, 5(1), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.30537/sjet.v5i1.982 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30537/sjet.v5i1.982
Mendiburu, A. Z., Lauermann, C. H., Hayashi, T. C., Mariños, D. J., da Costa, R. B. R., Coronado, C. J., ... & de Carvalho Jr, J. A. (2022). Ethanol as a renewable biofuel: Combustion characteristics and application in engines. Energy, 257, 124688. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2023.397 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.124688
Martikainen, S., Salo, R., Kuuluvainen, H., Teinilä, K., Hooda, R. K., Datta, A., Sharma, V. P., … & Rönkkö, T. (2023). Reducing particle emissions of heavy-duty diesel vehicles in India: Combined effects of diesel, biodiesel and lubricating oil. Atmospheric Environment: X, 17, 100202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2023.100202 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2023.100202
Ogunsola, A. D., Durowoju, M. O., Ogunkunle, O., Laseinde, O. T., Rahman, S. A., & Fattah, I. M. R. (2023). Shea butter oil biodiesel synthesized using snail shell heterogeneous catalyst: Performance and environmental impact analysis in diesel engine applications. Sustainability, 15(11), 8913. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118913 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118913
Panithasan, M. S., & Venkadesan, G. (2023). Evaluating the outcomes of a single-cylinder CRDI engine operated by lemon peel oil under the influence of DTBP, rice husk nano additive and water injection. International Journal of Engine Research, 24(2), 308-323. https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874211047743 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874211047743
Rajpoot, A. S., Saini, G., Chelladurai, H. M., Shukla, A. K., & Choudhary, T. (2023). Comparative combustion, emission, and performance analysis of a diesel engine using Carbon Nanotube (CNT) blended with three different generations of biodiesel. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28965-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28965-0
Sarwar, A., Bahron, H., Sherino, B., Ali, A., Bhangwar, S., & Alias, Y. (2023). A review of current trends of antibacterial Schiff base complexes: Lower and higher transition metal complexes. Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 19(3), 333-347. http://dx.doi.org/10.21161/mjm.220103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21161/mjm.220103
Simhadri, K., Rao, P. S., & Paswan, M. K. (2023). Effect of changing injection pressure on Mahua oil and biodiesel combustion with CeO2 nanoparticle blend on CI engine performance and emission characteristics. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 48(66), 26000-26015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.03.267 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.03.267
Song, W. W., Fang, W. X., Liu, H., Li, W. L., Zhang, Z., Li, C. H., ... & He, K. B. (2023). Enhanced diesel emissions at low ambient temperature: hazardous materials in fine particles. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 449, 131011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131011
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Jameel Ahmed Mahaser, Sajjad Bhangwar, Muhammad Adil Khan, Azhar Hussain Shah, Aziza Sarwar, Muhammad Ramzan Luhur, Muhammad Nawaz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Licensing & Copyright Policies
Since July 2023, the manuscripts in NASIJ-IDEA are open-access content published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This license permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work and source are properly cited.
The copyright policy of NASIJ-IDEA is based on a non-exclusive publishing agreement, according to which the journal retains the right of first publication, but the author(s) are free to publish their work subsequently. The copyright of all work rests with the author(s).
The users may use, reproduce, disseminate or display the article(s) provided that the author(s) are attributed as the original creators. The authors of NASIJ-IDEA are encouraged to familiarise themselves with the various Creative Commons licenses.
Readers of NASIJ-IDEA are advised to consult the licensing information embedded in each published work to ensure they are familiar with the terms of use that apply.
